Fig. 5

Hp-TGM induces Foxp3 expression in human T cells. a–c Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated from red blood cells over a Ficoll gradient and CD4⁺ T cells isolated by MACS positive selection. Isolated cells were cultured at 37 °C for 96 h with a 1:1 ratio of CD3/CD28 Dynabeads® and variable concentrations of hTGF-β1 or Hp-TGM. Induction of Tregs from human peripheral blood monuclear cells. Data are means and SEM from two technical replicates per concentration and representative of 2 independent experiments, analysed by unpaired t test and corrected for multiple comparisons; *p < 0.05. Gating strategy is shown in Supplementary Fig. 6. a Representative flow cytometry plots (CD4⁺ population shown) of MACS-purified CD4⁺ positive selected PBMCs stimulated with Hp-TGM, hTGF-β or IL-2 respectively; b Percentage of CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ cells among total CD4⁺ cells; c MFI of Foxp3 among Foxp3⁺ cells