Table 1 Selected bone dimensions (in mm) of the new species and other Sphenisciformes

Kumimanu biceae n. gen. et sp.

~185–228

70

~224

161

~48 [reconstr.]

Palaeeudyptes klekowskii

150.4–158¹⁰

44.7^a

—

134.4^b

34.7¹⁰

cf. Palaeeudyptes klekowskii (MLP 12-I-20-288)

~259.2¹⁴

—

—

—

~53.5^{14 ,c}

Palaeeudyptes gunnari

142.2–144.1¹⁰

42.6^d

~146.2¹⁰

123.6¹⁰

28.8–30.0¹⁰

Palaeeudyptes marplesi

—

—

—

142.9¹⁰

—

Kairuku grebneffi (holotype)

176.6⁸

55.5

191.5⁸

143.9⁸

~40.6

Kairuku waitaki (holotype)

—

~48.1

187.1⁸

127.3⁸

~42.8

Pachydyptes ponderosus

179.6

68.2

~224

—

—

“Pachydyptes” simpsoni

—

—

~171¹⁷

—

—

Inkayaku paracasensis

161.6¹⁹

—

173.0¹⁹

145.9¹⁹

—

Icadyptes salasi

167.0³²

61.7³²

—

—

—

Anthropornis nordenskjoeldi

152.2¹⁰–181^e

~57^e

—

—

44.7¹⁰

Anthropornis grandis

103.2¹⁰

—

~197.1¹⁰

—

—

Archaeospheniscus wimani

—

—

—

124.6¹⁰

—

Crossvallia unienwillia

170.9⁵

~53

—

~135⁵

35.7⁵

unnamed giant Waipara penguin (CM 2016.158.1)

—

—

—

—

~40.5^{4 ,c}

Aptenodytes forsteri

121.0–124.0³³

39.2–40.0³³

166.0–182.0³³

112.2–117.0³³

28.0–29.7³³