Fig. 4
From: Neurons along the auditory pathway exhibit a hierarchical organization of prediction error
Emergence of prediction error along the auditory hierarchy. a Median normalized responses (lines indicate SEM) to the deviant, standard and control within each station. b Median indices of prediction error (orange) and repetition suppression (cyan), represented with respect to the baseline set by the control. Thereby, iPE is upwards-positive while iRS is downwards-positive. Each median index corresponds to differences between normalized responses in a. Asterisks denote statistical significance of iPE against zero median (*p = 0.05, **p = 0.01, ***p = 0.001, see Table 1). c Linear model fitted for the iPE using SPL and direction (ascending / descending) as predictors. Error bars denote mean and SEM for each SPL and direction. Note the model predicts greater iPE values for ascending conditions at low intensities. d Same as in b, but only representing ascending conditions at intensities equal or lower than 40 dB SPL
