Table 1 Summary of principal urethane data set

	IC_L	IC_NL	MGB_L	MGB_NL	AC_L	AC_NL
Neurons	26	56	25	33	34	36
Points/required	149/104	523/401	79/69	211/153	250/125	307/29
DEV (spikes)	1.37	0.99	0.72	0.69	0.95	0.98
STD (spikes)	1.25	0.22	0.20	0.16	0.24	0.21
Cascade (spikes)	1.66	0.97	0.74	0.57	0.77	0.59
Many-standards (spikes)	1.91	0.95	0.90	0.65	0.85	0.52
Spike count differences
DEV−STD	0.12	0.78	0.52	0.54	0.71	0.76
p value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
Cascade−STD	0.41	0.76	0.53	0.42	0.53	0.38
p value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
DEV−Cascade	−0.29	0.02	−0.01	0.12	0.18	0.38
p value	0.000	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.017	0.000
Many-standards−STD	0.57	0.73	0.70	0.50	0.60	0.31
p value	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
DEV−Many-standards	0.04	0.04	−0.26	0.03	0.11	0.46
p value	0.190	0.155	0.003	0.671	0.049	0.000
Differences using Cascade controls
iMM	0.14	0.49	0.34	0.52	0.50	0.60
p value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
iRS	0.22	0.46	0.46	0.46	0.39	0.33
p value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
iPE	−0.08	0.03	−0.12	0.06	0.11	0.27
p value	0.000	0.024	0.021	0.019	0.017	0.000
Differences using Many-standards
iMM	0.14	0.48	0.30	0.50	0.50	0.61
p value	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
iRS	0.16	0.46	0.44	0.49	0.43	0.34
p value	0.003	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
iPE	−0.02	0.02	−0.14	0.01	0.07	0.27
p value	0.190	0.155	0.003	0.671	0.049	0.000

For each auditory station: Number of recorded neurons and tested neuron/tone combinations (points), along with estimated minimum sample size (of points) required for a statistical power of 0.8 (see Methods subsection on ‘Statistical Analyses’). Median values for baseline-corrected spike counts (spikes) to the different conditions. Median differences between the former measures, and associated p values against zero (Friedman test with post hoc multiple comparison, Fisher’s Least Significant Difference method, uncorrected for 6 independent tests). All p values are rounded to 3 decimal figures, so a value of 0.000 means “p < 0.0005”. Median indices of neuronal mismatch (iMM), repetition suppression (iRS) and prediction error (iPE), computed from each of the two control sequences (cascade or many-standards), and their corresponding p values (note that p values are the same for absolute differences and normalized indices, since these indices are median differences between normalized responses, and the non-parametric test is independent of scaling). Values related to predictive neuronal activity are highlighted in bold case, since they represent the most significant result of this research

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