Fig. 3
CPH1 is required for conoid stability in extracellular parasites. a Conoid morphology of intracellular parasites examined by TEM. CPH1-AID parasites grown in ±IAA for 24 h. Microtubule spirals seen in tangential sections (blue arrowhead) or cross-section (white arrow). Scale bar = 200 nm. b Conoid protrusion in extracellular parasites as assessed under phase contrast microscopy. Mean ± SEM for 3 experiments with 3 replicates for each (n = 9). DMSO served as a control. ns not significant, one-way ANOVA. c Conoid morphology of extracellular parasites examined by negative staining and TEM. Image in left bottom shows measurements for the conoid width and length (labeled as a–d). The line with arrow points to the measurements in d. Scale bar = 250 nm. d Measurement of conoid width and length as shown in c. ***P < 0.0001, mean ± SEM (n = 3 experiments, each with 3 technical replicates), n = 35 conoids were measured for each line (−IAA vs. +IAA). b–d Parasites grown in ±IAA for 40–44 h were collected and stimulated with 3 µM A23187 for 10 min prior to processing. a, c Representative of three or more experiments with similar outcomes. b, d Statistics were performed with one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison
