Fig. 1

CKAMP44 modulates gating and amplitude of AMPAR-mediated currents in dLGN neurons. a, b CKAMP44 in situ hybridization analysis with an oligoprobe (a) and riboprobe (b) on horizontal brain sections of P14 and adult mice respectively a: n = 3, b: n = 6). The higher magnification in b shows the comparable CKAMP44 mRNA signal intensity in dLGN neurons and dentate gyrus granule cells. c, d The AMPA/NMDA ratio is reduced in retinogeniculate (RG;c, n = 19 for relay neurons of wildtype and 19 for relay neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice) and corticogeniculate (CG; d n = 15 for relay neurons of wildtype and 18 for relay neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice) synapses of CKAMP44^−/− mice (Box-and-whisker Tukey plots with median, IQR and 1.5 times the IQR, Mann–Whitney test). A schematic representation of RG and CG synapse activation with localization of stimulation pipettes is shown on the left of c, d. e Schematic representation of the nucleated patch experiments. f The amplitude of extrasynaptic AMPAR-mediated currents is reduced in relay neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice. There is no change in rise time and τ_deact (n = 18 for relay neurons of wildtype and 21 for relay neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice, box-and-whisker Tukey plots, Mann–Whitney test). g The steady-state current amplitude is increased in dLGN neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice (Box-and-whisker Tukey plots, Mann–Whitney test). The τ_des is not significantly changed (n = 20 for relay neurons of wildtype and 17 for relay neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice, mean ± SEM, t-test). h The τ_recovery of AMPAR-mediated currents is reduced in relay neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice. Example traces of pairs of currents that were evoked with two glutamate 1 ms pulses with different inter-pulse intervals (30, 100, 300, 1000, and 3000 ms) are shown on the left. The quantification shows the amplitude of the second current as a percentage of the first current (n = 20 for relay neurons of wildtype and 17 for relay neurons of CKAMP44^−/− mice, box-and-whisker Tukey plots, Mann–Whitney test). The τ_recovery was estimated from a double-exponential fit of the data. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001