Table 1 Mean ecosystem properties for all four trophic webs over 5000 simulations

From: A unifying theory for top-heavy ecosystem structure in the ocean

Trophic web

PPMR (×104)

Trophic level

Total biomass (kg m−2)

k

Base

0.07

6

0.06

−0.08

LGP

0.16

5.5

0.10 (+67%)

−0.02 (+73%)

GSC

0.96

5

0.16 (+167%)

0.02 (−25%)

LGP+GSC

2.1

4.5

0.19 (+267%)

0.06 (+50%)

  1. Percent increase in parentheses represents the increase relative to the base for biomass and relative to theoretical prediction for k. Constant trophic efficiency (cTE = 0.101 ± 0.058)
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