Fig. 3
From: Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials

Morphological images. SEM images of all materials before and after proton irradiation. The bottom right white bar on all samples (except for the gold samples) indicates a 10 µm length. Gold images (bottom, right) have been reported for illustrating the effects of the proton irradiation on materials with low-melting point (~1065 °C for Au). For the gold sample, the scale before irradiation has been zoomed-in to 1 µm in order to check for surface details before irradiation and zoomed out to 20 µm in order to show the melting on a larger surface