Fig. 4
From: Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials
Additional material characteristics. a–e Optical absorption in the visible range for all target surfaces before (red line) and after (black line) proton irradiation; f Tauc plot and i EDX analysis after irradiation for W as example for all materials; g Tip force as function of piezo displacement for indentation measurements for the tungsten sample as example for all materials (the red line is for estimating the Young’s modulus); h Sketch of the theoretical model used to study the interaction between the conical tip and the material in the scanning model used in this paper
