Fig. 1

TGFβ pathway activation correlates with elevated TGFB1 and FOXP3 mRNA expression in TCGA-SKCM and TCGA-BRCA data sets. iPANDA software suite for analysis of intracellular signaling pathway activation based on transcriptomic data was used to estimate the level of TGFβ signaling in melanoma or breast samples from TCGA-SKCM (n = 472) and TCGA-BRCA data set, respectively (n = 776). TCGA transcriptomic data from normal breast tissue (n = 114) or skin biopsy of healthy women (n = 122) was used as a reference after proper normalization. The TGFβ pathway activation scores for a 472 melanomas (metastatic and primary) and c 776 breast tumors (ER/PR positive, HER2 positive, and TNBC) are sorted from low to high. The corresponding expression of TGFB1 gene, FOXP3, and CD274 is shown for each patient. The units on the color bar represent the pathway activation score or the fold change in the gene expression on the logarithmic scale in comparison with the average normal control level. Correlation matrix for melanoma (b) and breast cancer (d) are shown (numbers in plot indicate correlation coefficient value). Pairwise correlations between TGFβ pathway activation and message for TGFB1, FOXP3, and CD274 were computed using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. The p-values were calculated with the null hypothesis that the tested samples are unrelated. The p-values for all correlation < 0.05