Fig. 1
From: 21st Century drought-related fires counteract the decline of Amazon deforestation carbon emissions
Temporal patterns of oceanic indices and their influence on droughts and fires. Monthly anomalies of sea surface temperatures (SSTA) as measured by a the Multivariate El Niño index (MEI), b the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), c the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Rainfall anomalies (mm month−1) (d) and monthly cumulative water deficit (CWD) (mm month−1) (e) were calculated based on the monthly mean of all 0.25° grid cells from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) within the limits of the Amazon biome inside the Brazilian Amazon. Fire anomalies (s.d.) (f), were calculated based on the monthly sum of all active fires detected within this geographical limit. Rainfall and fire anomalies were calculated as the departure from the 2003 to 2015 monthly averages, excluding drought years (2005, 2010 and 2015). Red and blue bars indicate respectively positive and negative anomalies for all variables, except rainfall, which is displayed with reverse colours. Shaded areas indicate drought years
