Fig. 5
From: Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs
Direct radiative forcing due to low-sulphur fuel standards. Direct radiative forcing in mW m−2 at the top of the atmosphere from scattering sulphate and nitrate aerosols due to implementation of the International Maritime Organization’s low-sulphur fuel standards for ships. Global mean is 3.9 mW m−2
