Fig. 7
Association of DNA methylation of NMR19-4 with climate parameters at place of origin and analysis of NMR19 insertion. a Box-plots show methylation levels of cytosine in various sequence contexts (left), PPH gene expression, and chlorophyll contents, mean temperature of Driest quarter in three groups of accessions classified by methylation status of NMR19-4. Left, methylation level was calculated from the published BS-seq data39. Right, from upper to bottom: expression level of PPH, chlorophyll content, mean temperature of Driest quarter in present and last interglacial (LIG, about 120,000–140,000 years ago). p-value was calculated by Wilcoxon test. The box represents the distance between the 1st and 3rd quartiles and the whiskers are 1.5*IQR where IQR = Q3–Q1 (the same as below). b Pairwise Spearman correlation coefficients of NMR19 methylation level, PPH expression, chlorophyll content, temperature of Driest quarter in present and LIG. The numbers indicate correlation coefficients (rho) and p-values. Correlations to other climate parameters are listed in Supplementary Data. c The change of mean temperature of Driest quarter between present and LIG at the place of origin for accessions in different groups. p-value was calculated by Wilcoxon tests. d The pattern of NMR19 in Capsella rubella, A.thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata (modified from published paper62). NMR19-4 is unique to A.thaliana and originated from a retrotransposition event that occurred 0.37–0.98 MYA. 4.45 and 16.75 represent two genomic locations of NMR19 on chromosome 5
