Fig. 1

Influence of cytotoxic therapy on clonal expansion. a Percentage of individuals with clonal hematopoiesis ≥ 0.1% or ≥ 2.0% in three cohorts: those exposed to cytotoxic therapy (n = 81), those with malignancy but not exposed to cytotoxic therapy (n = 38), and healthy donors (n = 19). The average ages for the three groups were 55.0, 60.1, and 55.8 years, respectively. b Number of detected variants per patient. c Number of identified variants plotted against individual age for all pheresis samples. d Percentage of variants detected in pheresis samples that were transition mutations. e Percentage of individuals with at least one expanded clone harboring a variant in the specified gene. f Total number of variants identified in DNA damage response genes (i.e., TP53, PPM1D, ATM, BRCC3, SRCAP, or RAD21) grouped by whether or not the individual had previously been exposed to cytotoxic therapy. g Same as in f except for all other variants (i.e., in “non-DNA damage response genes”). h Total number of variants detected in patients with clonal hematopoiesis following cytotoxic therapy grouped by whether or not at least one variant was in a DNA damage response gene. NS not significant. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. For a, d, e, significance was determined with a Fisher’s exact test. For b, significance was determined with a negative binomial regression analysis using Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons. For f–h, significance was determined with a negative-binomial regression analysis. Data is represented as the mean ± the standard error of the mean