Fig. 5
From: Inhibition of overactive TGF-β attenuates progression of heterotopic ossification in mice
TGF-β neutralizing antibody attenuates HO induced by BMP-2/gelatin implantation and FOP mice. a–c Mice were treated with 5 mg/kg body weight of the TGF-β neutralizing antibody 1D11 three times a week for 2 weeks from 1 day (D1), 2 weeks (W2), and 4 weeks (W4) after BGI and analyzed 8 weeks after BGI or sham surgery. a micro CT images and b quantitative analysis of bone volume of heterotopic bone in hamstring muscles of mice. Scar bar, 4 mm. c H&E staining of ectopic bone in hamstring muscles. Scale bar, 100 μm. d–k Mice were treated with 5 mg/kg body weight of 1D11 three times a week for 2 weeks from 1 day (D1) and 2 weeks (W2) after BGI and analyzed 4 weeks after BGI or sham surgery. d Immunostaining and e quantification of pSmad2/3+ cells in ectopic bone marrow. Scale bar, 50 μm. f Nestin+ (red) cells in the ectopic bone marrow and g quantification. Scale bar, 50 μm. Blue indicates DAPI staining of nuclei. h CD31+ (red) and Emcn+ (green) cells in the ectopic bone marrow and i quantification of the fold change of type H vessels normalized to that of Sham mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. Yellow indicates type H vessels. j Immunostaining and k quantification of Ocn+ cells of in ectopic bone marrow. Scale bar, 50 μm. l, m Ad.Cre and cobra venom factor-injected caALK2 transgenic mice were treated with vehicle or 1D11 three times a week for 3 weeks. l Micro CT images of hamstring muscles after vehicle or 1D11 treatment and m quantitative analysis of bone volume. Scale bar, 4 mm. All data are shown as the mean ± s.d. n = 8 per group. b, e, g, i, k *p < 0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA. m *p < 0.05 as determined by unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test
