Fig. 1

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of Wy-offspring. a Experimental protocol of genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in the liver of offspring derived from dams-administered Wy (Wy-offspring) or DMSO (Veh-offspring) during the late gestation (e14–e18) and lactation periods (D2–D16). b, c MIAMI analysis comparing vehicle (labeled with Cy3) with Wy (Cy5) at D16 (b) and 14W (c). Plots of log transformed values of HpaII (methylation-sensitive, horizontal axis) and MspI signal difference (methylation-insensitive, vertical axis) between samples. The values of HpaII signal difference/MspI signal difference judged as increased and decreased DNA methylation are above 1.4 and below 0.65, respectively. The regression line is in yellow and red lines are located log₁₀ 1.4 and log₁₀ 0.65 of the horizontal distance from the regression line. Orange and blue circles are judged as hypermethylated and hypomethylated, respectively. d A correlation plot showing the differences at 14W (y-axis) vs. D16 (x-axis). Genes, which are hypomethylated both at D16 and 14W are highlighted as blue circles. e Venn-diagram showing the result of MIAMI analysis. Four-hundred and twenty-four genes were DNA hypomethylated in Wy-offspring relative to that in Veh-offspring at D16 and 33 genes at 14W, respectively. Consequently, we identified 25 genes that were DNA hypomethylated in Wy-offspring relative to that in Veh-offspring both at D16 and 14W