Fig. 3

ARF genes fulfil opposite functions in cambium regulation. a–l Toluidine blue-stained cross-sections at the stem base of wild-type and arf single and multiple mutant plants. Genotypes are indicated. Interfascicular regions are shown and interfascicular cambium-derived tissues (ICD) are marked (red bar). Size bars represent 50 µm. m, n Quantification of ICD tissues at the stem base of wild-type, arf3/4 single and double mutants (m) and arf5/mp mutant plants (n). Statistical groups indicated by letters were determined by one-way ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni (CI 95%; Sample size n = 8–10) (m). Student’s T-test was performed comparing wild type and mp-S319 (p = 0.003) and wild type and mp-B4149 (p = 0.03), respectively (Sample sizes n = 4–12) (n). The T-bars that extend from the boxes (whiskers) are expected to include 95% of the data. Significance is indicated by asterisks