Fig. 2
From: Bonding dissimilar polymer networks in various manufacturing processes
Bonding hydrogels and elastomers. a For unmodified PAAm and PDMS, the hydrogel peels off on the interface and leaves no residue on the elastomer. For silane-modified PAAm and PDMS, fracture occurs in the hydrogel, leaving residue on the elastomer. The scale bar is 5 mm. b The force–displacement curves for a silane-modified PDMS substrate bonded with various forms of PAAm: unmodified PAAm (blue), silane-modified PAAm (red), and silane-modified PAAm toughened by an interpenetrating polyacrylate network (black). c The adhesion energy drops slightly over the first few days as the coupling agents condensate, but stabilizes afterwards (n = 3–5). d Bonding is achieved for various sequences of forming the networks (n = 3–5). e Bonding is achieved even if the silane-modified samples are a few days old before contact (n = 5). f Bonding is achieved for various hydrogels and elastomers (n = 3–5)
