Fig. 9
From: Bonding dissimilar polymer networks in various manufacturing processes
Deep-frying hydrogels in mineral oil at 120 °C. a A hydrogel of a clean surface remains nearly quiescent, except for a stream of bubbles emitting from a defect site. b When graphite powders are spread on the surface of a naked hydrogel, water vapor bubbles off from the entire surface. c, d Elastomer-coated hydrogels remain quiescent with or without graphite particles on the external surface. e If the elastomer is not silane modified, vapor bubbles easily nucleate underneath the coating, blow up the coating, and dehydrate the hydrogel. The scale bar is 2 cm
