Fig. 3

Localizing lesions in an individual’s brain. Individual MS patients (light blue lines) are plotted against the normal distribution (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) of values in healthy control subjects. Lesions and diffuse abnormalities can be detected in individuals based on large deviations from the control subjects. The darker blue line is data from the patient shown in Figure 8 of Yeatman et al.¹⁹. By plotting standard deviations rather than standard errors, the large (>1 SD) difference between MS patients and control subjects is apparent, as are the large deviations of specific patients from the normal distribution (see Figure3_4_MultipleSclerosis.m and https://YeatmanLab.github.io/AFQ-Browser-MSexample/)