Fig. 4

Obliquity components of climate records and orbital parameters. a DF ΔT_site (thin red) and its obliquity component (red). b The obliquity component of ΔT_site (red), AMI at 77° S (yellow) and obliquity (black). c The obliquity component of ΔT_source (blue), AMI at 38–66° S (yellow) and obliquity (black). d The obliquity component of the CO₂ composite record³² (green) and obliquity (black). e The obliquity component of benthic δ¹⁸O record⁴⁰ and obliquity (black). f The obliquity component of ΔT_grad (purple), the insolation gradient between 77° S and 38–66° S (yellow) and obliquity (black, axis inverted). g The differences between the normalized obliquity component of ΔT_site and AMI at 77° S (red). h Orbital eccentricity (black) and precession (yellow). The insolation curves are shown behind the obliquity variations. The obliquity components were calculated using a bandpass filter (Methods)