Fig. 1

Axons are the principle site of white matter vesicular fusion. a Thy-1-YFP expression in adult coronal section (box: corpus callosum). b, c YFP(+) corpus callosum axons (b) and FM4-64 vesicles (c overlaid red). d Single axons (overlaid at higher gain in the box). e, f Corpus callosum astrocyte (e) in adult GFAP-GFP mouse and FM4-64 staining (f overlaid red). g K⁺-evoked FM4-64 de-staining in whole corpus callosum, axons, and astrocytes. h Corpus callosum axon FM4-64 de-staining in aCSF and during ischemia. i K⁺-evoked [glutamate]_e release is not inhibited by TBOA. j Both the first (top) and second (bottom) 50 mMK⁺-evoked glutamate rise is reduced by bafilomycin (50 nM, red trace). k Data summary shown on the bottom. Scale = 1 mm (a), 10 μm (b, d, f). Stars indicate the first mean to reach significance. Grouped analysis ANOVA; correct for multiple comparisons using the Holm−Šídák method. P values: g top *0.016, **0.001, ***0.0000; g middle *0.038, **0.002, ***0.0004; h *0.021, **0.009, ***0.0013. Unpaired t-test P values: k Peak 1 ns 0.1119; Peak 2 *0.048