Fig. 2

Crystallization dynamics and phase formation of the ordinary and the ultrastable glasses upon annealing. a, b XRD profiles for as-prepared and annealed a ordinary and b 0.80 nm min⁻¹ deposited ultrastable MGs. The annealing temperature and time are denoted by the legend values above each curve. Inset in b: XRD data for as-deposited and annealed ultrastable MGs and as-quenched ordinary MGs plotted as a function of q = 4πsinθ/λ. The vertical lines indicate the peak positions. c XRD profiles for samples after annealed at 973 K for 1 h, from top to bottom, the ordinary, 5.69 nm min⁻¹, 1.76 nm min⁻¹, and 0.80 nm min⁻¹ vapor-deposited glasses. Inset: DSC traces for the ordinary and the 0.80 nm min⁻¹ deposited glasses at a heating rate of 20 K min⁻¹