Fig. 3
From: Late Miocene climate cooling and intensification of southeast Asian winter monsoon
Evolution of mixed layer hydrology and productivity at ODP Site 1146. Steepening of ∆δ13C in conjunction with cooler temperatures and heavier planktic δ18O between ~7 and 5.5 Ma denote pCO2 decrease associated with enhanced carbon sequestration flux and intensification of Asian winter monsoon. a Gradient between planktic and benthic foraminiferal δ13C. b Mixed layer Mg/Ca-derived temperatures with (red scale) and without (black scale) correction for secular changes in Mg/Ca of seawater. Calculation of error envelope follows ref. 72. Brown smooth curve in a and gray smooth curve in b fitted using locally weighted least squared error (Lowess) method. c Planktic foraminiferal δ18O; 3 pt smooth: 3 pt moving mean. Lilac shading marks global δ13C decline coincident with planktic δ18O increase and high-amplitude obliquity modulation of benthic δ18O. Blue shading marks final stage of global δ13C decline. Light orange shading marks climate warming after 5.5 Ma
