Fig. 3

Electrochemical performance of NCNFs as PIB anodes in half cells. a CV curves of NCNF-650. b First charge and second discharge profiles of NCNFs. c Cycling performance of NCNFs at a current density of 25 mA g–1. d Rate performance of NCNFs with rates ranging from 0.05 to 20 A g–1. Long-term cycling performance of NCNF-650 at high rates of 0.5 (e), 1 (f), and 2 A g–1 (g)