Fig. 5

Visualization of membrane defects in 9AC liposomes. a Liposomes were loaded with 9AC and imaged by cryogenic electron microscopy. Only a small fraction of liposomes contained precipitated 9AC in the core (yellow dashed squares, upper panel) more clearly visible at an enlarged scale (lower panel). Scale bar = 35 nm. b Several liposomes presented defects in the membrane bilayer in which the bilayer appears to collapse in a thin monolayer (red boxes) after loading with 9AC. Two representative examples are shown. Scale bar = 25 nm