Fig. 4

ESRRG antagonizes Wnt signaling in GC. a Gene expression profile presented in a matrix format; each row represents an individual gene, and each column represents a transfected cell condition. In this matrix, red and green reflect relatively high and low expression, respectively, as indicated in the scale bar (log₂-transformed scale). Genes associated with oncogenic potential and Wnt signaling-associated genes are listed. b qPCR analysis of Wnt signaling associated genes in GC cells (AGS and MKN28) after infection with Flag or Flag-ESRRG lentivirus. c, d Rescue experiments following the introduction of TCF4/LEF1. After infection of Flag or Flag-ESRRG, the indicated plasmids were transfected into AGS cells, and CCK8 and CFA assays were done. e, f The MKN45 cell line infected with Flag-ESRRG overexpression vector (ESRRG-OE) or Flag with TCF4/LEF1 was injected into female nude mice and the tumor volume was measured at the indicated time points (n = 5 per group). e Mice were sacrificed and tumor volumes and weights were measured. f IHC analysis from the mouse samples was then performed. g, h AGS cells were transiently transfected as indicated with the Top/Flash reporter (g) or CCND1 promoter (h) and the indicated constructs and reporter activity was measured using a luminometer. i Correlation of ESRRG and Wnt component gene expression (TCF7L2/TCF4, LEF1) in GSE29272 GC patient cohorts. Scatter plots of ESRRG and Wnt signaling genes in the GC cohorts are shown. Data represent the mean ± s.d. from three independent replicates. Student’s t-test was used to examine statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001)