Fig. 4

Theoretical strain-rate sensitivity and strain-hardening behavior of Inconel 625. a Schematic of strain-rate sensitivity as a function of flow stress for conventionally processed and additively manufactured Inconel 625 at a given temperature, where γ_c (<0) denotes the critical value of γ for the onset of serrations, and \(\sigma _{\mathrm{c}}^{\mathrm{CP}}\)and \(\sigma _{\mathrm{c}}^{\mathrm{AM}}\) are the corresponding critical stresses for initiating serrated flow for CP-IN625 and AM-IN625, respectively. b Schematic of hkl-dependent strain-hardening behaviors showing that for a given grain-level critical stress for serrations, due to their higher strain hardening rate, <111>//LD grains would reach the critical stress at a lower strain than <100>//LD grains, which have a lower strain hardening rate