Fig. 3 | Nature Communications

Fig. 3

From: Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks enhance radiotherapy to potentiate checkpoint blockade immunotherapy

Fig. 3

In vitro mechanistic studies of nMOF-mediated RT cytotoxicity. a γ-H2AX assays showing the DSBs in CT26 cells treated with nMOFs and X-ray irradiation. Blue and red fluorescences show DAPI-stained nucleus and antibody-labeled γ-H2AX in the cells, respectively. Scale bar = 10 µm. b Quantitative analysis of number of DBS foci per nucleus. c Annexin V/PI analysis of CT26 cells. Cells were incubated with PBS, HfO2, Hf6-DBA, or Hf12-DBA with or without X-ray irradiation at a dose of 4 Gy. The quadrants from lower left to upper left (counter clockwise) represent healthy, early apoptotic, late apoptotic, and necrotic cells, respectively. The percentage of cells in each quadrant was shown on the graphs. (+) and (−) refer to with and without irradiation, respectively. Both confocal images and flow cytometry results were obtained with two repetitions. One of two repetitions with similar results is shown

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