Fig. 6
Coalescence-based inference of demographic history of cattle using MSMC and ∂a∂i. a Population size history inference of Bos taurus (BTA) and Bos indicus (BIN) lineages based on four haplotypes each from high-coverage European taurine (Hereford), Eurasian taurine (Gelbvieh), East Asian taurine (Tibetan), Chinese indicine (Wannan) and Indian indicine (Hariana and Sahiwal) individuals. The large grey-shaded boxes illustrate the Early Holocene Optimum, the last glacial maximum (LGM), and the second Pleistocene Glacial Period. b Inferred relative cross-coalescence rates between pairs of populations over time based on four haplotypes each from Hereford, Gelbvieh, Tibetan, Wannan and Indian breeds (Hariana and Sahiwal). The x-axis shows time and the y-axis a measure of similarity for each pair of compared populations. c ∂a∂i result showing the divergence time of Chinese indicine and Indian indicine cattle. The ancestral population is in grey, Chinese indicine cattle is in red and Indian indicine cattle is in orange. The width shows the relative effective population size. The figures at the arrows indicate the average number of migrants per generation between Chinese indicine and Indian indicine cattle
