Fig. 2
From: Out-of-equilibrium microcompartments for the bottom-up integration of metabolic functions
NAD cofactor regeneration module. a Scheme of inverted membrane vesicles (IMVs). NADH is oxidized by the NADH dehydrogenase activity of the IMVs. The enlargement shows the graphic view of the respiratory chain complexes with ubiquinone Q being reduced by NADH dehydrogenases and oxidized by terminal oxidases complex to finally shuttle electrons to molecular oxygen. The proton gradient generated by this electron transport chain is used by ATP synthase to form ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. b NADH concentration versus time (t) for increasing IMVs concentrations. Error bars are defined as s.d. (N = 3). c–e IMVs activity within w/o droplets. c Graphic view of the system. d NADH concentration versus time (t) of 30 pL w/o droplets containing IMVs 0, 50, 100, and 300 vesicles per droplet (black, green, yellow, and red curves, respectively) after injection of NADH (250 μM). Error bars are defined as s.d. (N = 2000). e Blue and red fluorescence micrographs of 300 pL droplets containing NADH (1 mM) only or a mixture of NADH (1 mM), IMVs (100 vesicles per droplet) and sulforhodamine B (20 μM) after 0 and 960 min incubation. Scale bar 200 μm. Reactions are performed in NaOH-Tricine buffer (100 mM, pH 8.0) with MgCl2 5 mM
