Fig. 2
Electric vehicle battery degradation and capacity loss in each state under actual operating conditions. a Top five states, bottom five states and the US average of battery cycling number needed for highway driving in first year to meet the annual travel demand. b Top five states, bottom five states and the US average of battery cycling number needed for local driving in first year to meet the annual travel demand. c Top five and bottom five states for battery annual cycling capacity loss throughout battery life under actual driving conditions, ranging between 0.4% in Hawaii and 1.6% in Mississippi. d Top five and bottom five states for battery annual calendar capacity loss during the battery life under each state’s ambient temperature and aging time, ranging between 9.6% in Hawaii and 1% in Alaska. e Annual and total battery capacity loss during 5-years operation in each US state under average driving conditions, ranging between 15% in Alaska and 28.7% in Florida. Error bars show the ranges of the battery capacity loss under varying ambient temperatures, travel demands and driving patterns in each state. AL: Alabama, AK: Alaska, AZ: Arizona, AR: Arkansas, CA: California, CO: Colorado, CT: Connecticut, DE: Delaware, FL: Florida, GA: Georgia, HI: Hawaii, ID: Idaho, IL: Illinois, IN: Indiana, IA: Iowa, KS: Kansas, KY: Kentucky, LA: Louisiana, ME: Maine, MD: Maryland, MA: Massachusetts, MI: Michigan, MN: Minnesota, MS: Mississippi, MO: Missouri, MT: Montana, NE: Nebraska, NV: Nevada, NH: New Hampshire, NJ: New Jersey, NM: New Mexico, NY: New York, NC: North Carolina, ND: North Dakota, OH: Ohio, OK: Oklahoma, OR: Oregon, PA: Pennsylvania, RI: Rhode Island, SC: South Carolina, SD: South Dakota, TN: Tennessee, TX: Texas, UT: Utah, VT: Vermont, VA: Virginia, WA: Washington, WV: West Virginia, WI: Wisconsin, WY: Wyoming
