Fig. 1

Behavioral paradigm. a Participants viewed random dot motion patterns and could indicate whether the dots were primarily moving up or down and/or whether they were majority red or blue. They responded with either a left or right button press. Responses were bivalent, denoting both a color and a motion direction, and participants were rewarded for each stimulus attribute they correctly discriminated on a given trial. b The coherence and correct response for motion and color dimensions were varied orthogonally across trials. Four participant-specific coherence levels were used for each attribute. c Participants performed three epochs (192 trials each) that varied in motion/color reward associations, rewarding both either equally (Epoch 1) or differently (Epochs 2 and 3). Reward contingencies were explicitly indicated to the participants at the start of each epoch. *Response mappings and Epochs 2 and 3 reward associations were counter-balanced across participants