Fig. 3
From: Vapor sublimation and deposition to build porous particles and composites
Sublimation rate analysis. Real-time analysis of the sublimated water vapor vs. the elapsed time at varied operating temperatures, 25, 4, and −15 °C. The decreasing water vapor intensity correlated to the mass transport rate of the water vapor (sublimation rate) due to the decreasing ice particle volume from sublimation. The sublimation rate was also a function of the operating temperature, and a higher temperature resulted in a higher sublimation rate, which was indicated by a deeper slope in the curve. Based on the slope m1 (−15 °C), m2 (4 °C) increase by 35.3 ± 2.0 %, and m3 (25 °C) increased by 79.1 ± 6.2%. The slopes of the curves gradually fell to a value close to zero, which was indicative of the complete depletion of the water vapor via sublimation. The mean value ± S.D. was calculated from three independent experiments
