Fig 1

Imaging calcium responses in V1 and PPC during engaged task performance and passive viewing. a Head-fixed mice were trained to perform a go, no-go lick-based visual discrimination task. A retractable lick spout was used to restrict lick responses to a specific epoch of the task. Licks following a target stimulus (red, horizontal drifting upwards, Stimulus A) were rewarded with water, while licks to non-target stimulus (blue, vertical drifting rightwards, Stimulus B) were punished with quinine. b Trial structure for Engaged and Passive conditions. After a brief auditory preparatory cue, a drifting grating was presented for 2 s. During Engaged trials, the retractable lick spout was presented immediately after stimulus offset for a minimum of 1.5 s. During Passive trials, the spout was inaccessible. Engaged and Passive trials were presented in blocks, which were usually interleaved. c Rate of licking on target (T, red) and non-target (NT, blue) for each mouse used in imaging experiments (n = 15). Behavioral performance was quantified as d-prime (mean across mice: 2.22). Error bars in this and all subsequent figures depict mean ± SEM. d Stimulus-evoked response of two V1 neurons, one target-selective (left column), and one non-target selective (right). Top, raw calcium response to multiple presentations of target (red) and non-target (blue) stimuli during both Engaged and Passive conditions. Middle, heatmap of trial-to-trial responses to target and non-target stimuli, presented in alternating blocks of Engaged (left) and Passive (right) trials, normalized to max response. Light gray shaded regions in this and subsequent figures demarcates duration of stimulus. Bottom, overlay of trial-averaged responses for each stimulus during Engaged (left) and Passive (right) conditions. Line thickness indicates mean ± SEM. e Same as d but for two PPC neurons