Fig. 2

TMEM106B knockdown suppresses invasion and metastasis. a qPCR analysis for TMEM106B expression in 344SQ cells with stable expression of shRNA targeting TMEM106B versus a scramble control. b Western blot analysis for TMEM106B expression in 344SQ cells with stable expression of shRNA targeting TMEM106B. c The TMEM106B knockdown cells demonstrate reduced ability to migrate and invade compared to scramble controls. d The knockdown cells suppress formation of invasive structures in a 3D matrix upon treatment with TGFβ. e The knockdown cells were injected subcutaneously into syngeneic hosts and observed for primary tumor growth and f formation of metastatic nodules in lungs. g Representative lungs and their respective H&E sections are shown. Lungs from mice injected with TMEM106B knockdown cells show significantly reduced incidence of lung metastasis. All asterisks indicate statistical significance by t test (n ≥ 3, ^*p ≤ 0.05)