Fig. 8
Genome-wide analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression in iNSCs and NSCs. a Heatmaps of ATAC-seq signals for miNSC10 and SCR029 cells within an 8 kb window centered around the peak summit. b Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the genes associated with miNSC10 ATAC-seq peaks. They were analyzed for GO term enrichment by BiNGO and the result was visualized on a network of gene sets (nodes) connected by their similarity (edges). Node size represents the gene-set size and edge thickness represents the degree of overlap between two gene sets. Depicted are two prominent groups of enriched gene sets. c The 10 top-ranked TF-binding motifs for both miNSC10 and SCR029 cells identified by de novo motif search in a 300-bp window centered at the peak summit. d–g Genome browser view of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq signals at the Olig2, Sox2, Pou3f2, and Pax6 loci in MEF, miNSC10, and SCR029 cells. The y axis represents the number of normalized reads. h Schematic showing the process by which Ptf1a directly reprograms somatic cells into tripotent iNSCs and the associated molecular changes. Ptf1a must form DNA-binding complex with Rbpj to directly or indirectly activate expression of several families (Sox, bHLH, homeobox, POU, Nfi, and Rfx) of transcription factor genes involved in NSC self-renewal and maintenance
