Fig. 4
From: Structural and topological nature of plasticity in sheared granular materials
Evolution and transformation of N-ring structures under shear. a Evolution of the fraction of N-ring structures upon shear. b A 5-ring structure with AB as common axis, evolves into a 4-ring structure as the couple ABCE/ABCD forms a new couple DEBA/DEBC through 2–2 flip as AC and DE switch neighbors
