Table 1 Observed trend change of OA, wind speed, Ekman transport, Ekman pumping velocity, mixed layer depth (MLD), sea surface temperature (SST), salinity (SSS), total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon gains due to air-sea CO₂ exchange (ΔDIC_a-s) and chlorophyll a in the three latitudinal bands of 60°–55° S, 55°–50° S, and 50°–45° S during the 1991–2000 positive SAM period

	60°–55° S Antarctic Zone	55°–50° S Polar Frontal Zone	50°–45° S Subantarctic Zone	Note
Enhanced OA	+	nc	−	Fig. 3
Wind speed	+	nc	−	Fig. 3
Ekman Transport	+	nc	−	Suppl. Fig. 5
Ekman Pumping	−	−	−	Suppl. Fig. 5
MLD	+	nc	−	Fig. 3
SST	−	nc	+	Fig. 2
SSS	−	nc	+	Fig. 2
TA	−	nc	+	Fig. 2
ΔDIC_a-s	−	nc	+	Suppl. Fig. 6
Chlorophyll a	+	−	−	ref. ²⁴

“+” denotes an increase with positive SAM trend, “−” denotes a decrease with positive SAM trend and “nc” denotes no change. Suppl. Fig. 5 and Suppl. Fig. 6 stand for Supplementary Figure 5 and Supplementary Figure 6, respectively. Note although SSS (or TA) change was not statistically significant (p-values of ~0.3) at high-latitudes (60°–55° S) probably due to small sample numbers of <10 (Fig. 2b, d), its trend of decrease was consistent with that observed in entire Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean⁶⁰. Thus, in this table only trends with p-values > 0.3 are regarded as no change

Quick links

Search