Fig. 3

pQTL variant minor allele frequency vs. effect size. Minor allele frequency of sentinel pQTL variants (X-axis) vs. effect size of variants on proteins. The average absolute estimated effect size (per standard deviation per allele) is significantly different (by the unequal variance t-test) between coding and non-coding pQTL variants (0.56 versus 0.31, P = 0.02), and also significantly different between cis and trans-pQTL variants (0.53 vs. 0.30, P = 0.017). pQTL protein quantitative trait locus