Fig. 8

NKp44⁺ ILC3s exhibit robust IFN gene signatures in the SIV⁺ MLN. a Gene expression profiles of the top 50 most significantly DEGs among NKp44⁺ ILC3s in the acute (N = 3) and chronic SIV⁺ MLN (N = 4). Color scheme represent standardized gene expression (z-score) with red and blue signifying up-regulated and down-regulated genes, respectively. The list of top 50 DEGs in a were functionally annotated by GO term analysis for significantly enriched pathways in acute SIV⁺ (b) and chronic SIV⁺ contrasts (c). Significance was determined by a Fisher’s exact test on the likelihood of their association compared to other genes in the gene universe. d ILC subpopulations from MLNs of healthy animals (N = 3) were sorted and stimulated with IL-7 in the presence or absence of IL-1β and/or IFNα. Intracellular granzyme B was assessed following 6 days of culture. Significance was determined using the paired Student’s t test. ns = P > 0.05, * = P ≤ 0.05, ** = P ≤ 0.01, *** = P ≤ 0.001, and **** = P ≤ 0.0001