Fig. 3

H19 overexpression protects from obesity by increasing energy expenditure and scWAT beiging. a Body weight of HFD-fed Control (n = 4–5) versus H19 TG (n = 4–5) mice. A 2WA-RM with Bonferroni post hoc correction for multiple comparisons (2WA-B) was applied to assess significance. b Insulin tolerance test of HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG (n = 6) mice. c Glucose tolerance test of HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19 TG (n = 5) mice. d Energy expenditure in HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG (n = 5) mice. b–d A 2WA-B was applied to assess significance. e Respiratory Exchange Ratios (RER) in HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG (n = 5) mice. f Tissue/body weight (BW) ratios in HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG (n = 5) mice. An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was applied to assess significance. g Serum cholesterole levels in HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG (n = 5) mice. h Serum triglyceride levels in HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG (n = 5) mice. An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was applied to assess significance. i Representative photomicrograph of BAT from HFD-fed Control versus H19 TG mice. j Automated quantification of adipocyte mean area per field in hematoxylin/eosin (HE) stained BAT sections from HFD-fed Control (n = 12 fields) versus H19 TG (n = 9 fields). An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was applied to assess significance. k Automated quantification of adipocyte mean area in HE-stained scWAT sections from HFD-fed Control (n = 12 fields) versus H19 TG (n = 16 fields) mice. l Automated quantification of adipocyte mean area in HE-stained vWAT sections from HFD-fed Control (n = 8 fields) versus H19 TG (n = 10 fields) mice. An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was applied to assess significance. m Representative photomicrograph of vWAT sections from HFD-fed Control versus H19 TG mice. n Representative photomicrograph of liver sections from HFD-fed Control versus H19 TG mice. m, n Scale bar, 50 µm. o scWAT expression of indicated mRNAs from HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG (n = 5) mice. p Relative BAT expression of indicated mRNAs from HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus H19 TG mice (n = 3). An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was used to assess significance in o, p. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. If applicable p-values are indicated within the panel