Fig. 4

Fat-specific deletion of H19 sensitizes towards DIO-associated weight gains and impairments in energy expenditure. a Mating strategy for parental allele-of-origin specific deletion of the H19 DMR in adipose tissue. b Body weight of HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19^∆AT (n = 4) mice. A 2WA-B was applied to assess significance. c Glucose tolerance test of male, HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19^∆AT (n = 4) mice. d Insulin tolerance test of male, HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19^∆AT (n = 4) mice. e Energy expenditure in male, HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19^∆AT (n = 4) mice. f Oxygen consumption in male, HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19^∆AT (n = 4) mice. d–f A 2WA-RM test with repeated measures was applied to assess statistical significance. g RER in male, HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19^∆AT (n = 4) mice. h Tissue/body weight ratio in male, HFD-fed Control (n = 5) versus H19^∆AT (n = 4) mice. An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was applied to assess significance. i, j Automated quantification of mitochondrial area (i) and perimeters (j) in BAT across diets and genotypes (total mitochondria numbers in brackets). An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was applied to assess significance. k Representative electron microscopy images from BAT mitochondria across diets and genotypes with magnifications indicated under panel. White arrows depict cristae architectures. Scale bar, 2 µm (6000 × ) or 500 nm (10,000 × ) l BAT expression of indicated mRNAs in HFD-fed H19 TG (n = 3), HFD-fed Control (n = 4), and CD-fed Control (n = 5) mice. m scWAT expression of indicated mRNAs in HFD-fed H19 TG (n = 3), HFD-fed Control (n = 4), and CD-fed Control (n = 5) mice. l, m A One-Way ANOVA plus Bonferroni post test was applied to assess statistical significance. ^(a) = Significance versus CD-fed Control, ^(b) = Significance versus HFD-fed Control. n BAT expression of indicated mRNAs in HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus HFD-fed H19^∆AT (n = 3) mice. o scWAT expression of indicated mRNAs in HFD-fed Control (n = 4) versus HFD-fed H19^∆AT (n = 3) mice. An unpaired, two-tailed Student’s t-test was applied to assess significance between genotypes. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. If applicable p-values are indicated within the panel