Fig. 4

Oxygen reduction reaction performance characterization. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of Pt/C, Pd88Co12, Pd50Cu50, Pd56Cu38Co6, Pd59Cu30Co11, and Pd62Cu16Co22 catalysts. a The ORR polarization curves were recorded in O2-saturated 0.1 mol L−1 (M) potassium hydroxide (KOH) and the inset was the corresponding specific activity Tafel plots. Histograms of ORR specific activities and mass activities of the Pt/C, Pd88Co12, Pd50Cu50, Pd56Cu38Co6, Pd59Cu30Co11, and Pd62Cu16Co22 catalysts at 0.9 V (b), 0.875 V (c), and 0.8 V (d) versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). e, f The ORR polarization curves for the Pd59Cu30Co11 and commercial Pt/C catalysts before and after cycles of accelerated durability tests (ADTs) (the inset was the corresponding mass activity at 0.90 V versus RHE). Error bars are ±s.d.