Fig. 6

Formic acid oxidation (FAO) characterization. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves (specific activity (a) and mass activity (b)) of the as-synthesized Pd50Cu50, Pd88Co12, Pd56Cu38Co6, Pd59Cu30Co11, Pd62Cu16Co22, commercial Pt/C, and Pd black with a scan rate of 50 mV s−1 in 0.1 mol L−1 (M) perchloric acid (HClO4) + 0.5 M formic acid (HCOOH) solution at room temperature. c Histograms of formic acid oxidation (FAO) specific activity and mass activity. Error bars are ±s.d. d Current–time curves of the as-synthesized Pd50Cu50, Pd88Co12, Pd56Cu38Co6, Pd59Cu30Co11, Pd62Cu16Co22, commercial Pt/C, and Pd black recorded at 0.25 V for 2500 s in 0.1 M HClO4 + 0.5 M HCOOH solution at room temperature