Fig. 1

Preferential reduction of nitrate in carbonate electrolytes alters the Li nucleation morphology. a Experimental reduction potential of various electrolyte components (common solvents like EC and DEC; typical additive VC) on inert electrode reported in the literature31. b CV of DME-based electrolytes with 1.0 M LiNO3 or 1.0 M LiTFSI at a scan rate of 0.1 mV s–1. Stainless-steel was used as the working electrode and Li foil was used as the counter/reference electrode. SEM images of the Li nucleation morphology in 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/DEC electrolyte c without and d with saturated LiNO3. Scale bars, 2 μm. The deposition was carried out at a current density of 1 mA cm–2 and a capacity of 0.1 mAh cm–2