Fig. 5
XPS and exchange current measurements. a XPS N1s depth profiles of the SEI formed in 0.5 M LiPF6 EC/DEC electrolyte saturated with NO3–. Li deposition was carried out at a current density of 1 mA cm–2 and a capacity of 0.1 mAh cm–2 on Cu foil. b Typical CV scans (scan rate of 200 mV s–1) obtained using ultramicroelectrode in 1.0 M LiPF6 EC/DEC electrolyte with and without nitrate additive. c Enlarged CV scans around the nucleation potential region delineated in b. The presence of NO3– in the electrolyte lowers the Li deposition onset potential by more than 100 mV
