Fig. 4

The presence of C. albicans is linked to FMT outcomes in CDI. a Alterations in the relative abundance of fecal C. albicans before and after FMT at the last follow-up in FMT recipients, assessed by ITS sequencing. The relative abundance of fecal C. albicans was calculated as the proportion of sequences taxonomically binned as C. albicans relative to the sequences classified as fungi. Statistical significance was determined by paired Wilcoxon signed rank test, ^*p < 0.05. b The absolute fecal C. albicans levels before and after FMT at the last follow-up in FMT recipients, assessed by quantitative PCR. For those FMT nonresponders, the last follow-up time-point was a time prior to CDI recurrence after FMT. Comparison of the fecal C. albicans levels between pre-FMT samples and post-FMT samples was performed by paired Wilcoxon signed rank test, ^*p < 0.05. Comparison of the fecal C. albicans levels between the post-FMT samples of FMT responders and FMT nonresponders was performed by Mann–Whitney test, ^$$p < 0.01. ND denotes no detectable C. albicans in the feces