Fig. 1
Size-selective fences to progressively exclude vertebrates and invertebrates. Nine exclosure setups were established in each of the two different vegetation types; short-grass and tall-grass vegetation. The 2 × 3 m plots inside the main 7 × 9 m fence were randomly assigned an exclusion treatment in each of our 18 size-selective exclosure setups. Data were collected on a total of 90 plots, from which we calculated ecosystem coupling and multifunctionality. The photo in the background shows two of our 18 exclosure setups in the field. We use the following abbreviations to describe our treatments throughout the manuscript: L/M/S/I = Large mammals, medium mammals, small mammals, and invertebrates have access, M/S/I = Medium mammals, small mammals, and invertebrates have access, S/I = Small mammals and invertebrates have access, I = Invertebrates have access, None = No animals have access. L/M/S/I plots (reference plots) are located outside of the fences as indicated by the arrow. Martijn L. Vandegehuchte created the animal and vegetation images for use in this paper. The animal images were adapted from Vandegehuchte et al.40. Anita C. Risch took the background photo and created the design image, Pablo Hueso composed the Figure
