Fig. 4

Photovoltaic characterization. a J–V curves of MAPbI3–TMTA PSCs before cross-linking; b J–V curves of MAPbI3–TMTA PSCs after cross-linking; c J–V curves of control MAPbI3 PSCs. The arrows indicate the scan direction of J–V measurement. Inset: the stabilized efficiencies of PSCs at MPP. d EQE as a function of monochromatic wavelength recorded for PSCs based on MAPbI3–TMTA after cross-linking. e The J–V metrics for 20 separated PSCs based on MAPbI3–TMTA before, after cross-linking and control MAPbI3